Bibliografía Digital

Hoy día es posible acceder a miles de referencias bibliográficas a traves de los distintos servicios de internet que permiten la consulta de estos fondos de suma utilidad para los estudios científicos y académicos. Pasamos a analizar algunos de los más importantes:

CINDOC

El Centro de Información y Documentación Científica (CINDOC) es un organismo del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Su función primordial es prestar apoyo documental a proyectos científicos, desarrollar proyectos de investigación, recopilar información científica, promover cursos de especialización y proporcionar cuanta información científica requieran los usuarios. Permite la consulta a través de la web de bibliografía especializada de tipo científico y académico.

Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES)

Permite la búsqueda sencilla y avanzada de bibliografía y contiene un inventario dinámico de archivos que proporciona información sobre los documentos accesibles vía PARES en cada archivo y los que se encuentran digitalizados.

Federación Española de Sociedades de Archivística, Biblioteconomía, Documentación y Museística (FESABID)

Su función primordial es promover y desarrollar actividades relacionadas con las bibliotecas, centros de documentación, archivos y museos. También llava a cabo diversas publicaciones especializadas dentro de su ámbito.

Centro de Patrimonio Documental de Euskadi (Irargi)

Inició su actividad en los años 90 y hoy se apoya en el Archivo Histórico Nacional de Euskadi. Su objetivo es hacer accesibles los documentos a los ciudadanos a través del sistema de búsqueda Badator.

Esteban Terreros y Pando

Esteban Terreros y Pando was born in 1707. After primary school he when to Madrid to study. At the age of 20 he joined the Jesuits. He was a lecturer, paleographer, linguist and translator. Among other works he wrote a dictionary which is considered the most important of the 18^th century because it contained general, technical and scientific vocabulary. It also contains detailed files and descriptions on the subjects that confer it a high encyclopedical character. When he died in 1872, being 75, he left an important number of works among which we can include: - Paleografía española (Madrid, 1758).

- Reglas de la lengua toscana o italiana (Forlí, 1771).

- Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y       artes y sus correspondientes en las tres lenguas francesa, latina é italiana (Madrid, 1786-1793).

- Espectáculo de la Naturaleza, o conversaciones acerca de las particularidades de la Historia Natura (Madrid, 1753-1755).

- Carta de un padre de familias, en orden de la educación de la juventud, de uno y otro sexo (Madrid, 1754)

The University of Deusto has recently organised a congress to commemorate the 300^th  anniversary of his birth.  

M.L.A. International Bibliography

When asked to enter the website of M.L.A. (Modern Languages Association) I was surprised by the amount of information available and how easy it is to use it.

From the home page you get a description of the services. There are some tutorials on the search and some examples of search too, which make it much easier to find what you are looking for. You are even given the chance to buy the book in question on line.

As a practice I made a search. I have to research on Emimily Brontë’s `Wuthering Heights´ for the English Literature subject. I introduced the title and I was immeditely directed to 3 critisism results and provided with a link to get many more.

I find this bibliographical reference practical, comfortable and quick. Quite useful for future academic works indeed!

Glosario

- Bibliofilia: Pasión por los libros, y especialmente por los raros y curiosos.

- Bibliografía : 1. Descripción, conocimiento de libros, de sus ediciones, etc. 2. Relación o catálogo de libros o escritos referentes a una materia determinada.

- Bibliología: Estudio general del libro en su aspecto histórico y técnico.

- Bibliotecnia: Técnicas dentro de la compleja edición moderna.

- Biblioteconomía: Disciplina encargada de la conservación, organización y administración de las bibliotecas.

- Documentación: 1. Acción y efecto de documentar. 2. Documento o conjunto de documentos, preferentemente de carácter oficial, que sirven para la identificación personal o para documentar o acreditar algo.

- Filigrana o marca de agua: Señal o marca transparente hecha en el papel al tiempo de fabricarlo.

- Fondo antiguo: Obras publicadas entre los siglos XVI y XVIII.

- Paleografía y Diplomática: Estudio de la escritura y signos de los libros y documentos antiguos. Archivística.

* Todas las definiciones obtenidas del diccionario de la R.A.E:

Abreviaturas

- Confer/cfr: Equivalente a vid

- Ibid/ibidem: Vocablo latino usado para referirse a una fuente que ya fue nombrada en la cita previa

- Idem: Lo mismo

- Sic: Indica que la palabra o frase que le precede es literal

- S.l./s.i./s.a.: Sin lugar, sin impresor, sin año

- Vid: Videtur (véase)

The ñ in the Internet

Elcorreodigital echoes in its article dated the 6 November 2007 the arrival of the letter “ñ”, traditionally associated with Spanish graphias, to the world of the Internet. Victor García de la Concha, manager of the Spanish Royal Academy, had announced the day before the entrance of the ñ, among other graphias absolutely unknown in the e-dominat Saxon language, into the World Wide Web. It means that the domains containing this letter can already be registered and that many graphic mistakes can be solved (ex. penas and peñas).

This letter is clearly linked with the Spanish language, as well as Catalonian, Galician and Basque. But although, according to the president of the government José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero it is a big step forward, much continues to be won in an area amply commanded by English.

Until the 30 October, the public administration had recived 4,460 application for domains with “ñ” that will be solved as soon as possible and, so far there are more than 710,000 domains with this letter in Spain and other countries.

Folksonomy, Taxonomy and Ontologies

Folksonomy – also known as collaborative tagging- is a method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. The difference of this system is that it is not only created and managed by experts but also by users in general. Some keywords, freely chosen, allow the access normally through tag clouds,which are visualised on screen. It began to be popular in the Internet around 2004, in parallel to the Web 2.0. Among the most important examples we can quote Flyrk and del.icio.us.

Also linked to folksonomy, we find terms such as taxonomy, or practice and science of classification. The fields are organised in hierarchical structure and it is perfect for relationships such as network structures and folksonomies.

Ontology is a data model that presents a set of concepts included in a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It is used in the semantic web, software engineering, biomedical informatics, information architecture and even artificial intelligence.

Bibliography

1. Ruíz, Victor R., “Más sobre tags y `folksonomy´”, February 20 2005, Linotipo, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
2. Wikipedia contributors, “Artificial intelligence,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_intelligence&oldid=169315477 (accessed November 6, 2007)
3. Wikipedia contributors, “Biomedical informatics,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomedical_informatics&oldid=169547893 (accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Wikipedia contributors, “Data model,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_model&oldid=159562978 (accessed November 6, 2007)
5. Wikipedia contributors, “Domain of discourse,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domain_of_discourse&oldid=146124989 (accessed November 6, 2007)
6. Wikipedia contributors, “Folksonomy,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folksonomy&oldid=168300333 (accessed November 6, 2007)
7. Wikipedia contributors, “Information architecture,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_architecture&oldid=169329350 (accessed November 6, 2007)
8. Wikipedia contributors, “Ontology (computer science),” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ontology_%28computer_science%29&oldid=167668446 (accessed November 6, 2007)
9. Wikipedia contributors, “Semantic Web,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Web&oldid=168976933 (accessed November 6, 2007)
10. Wikipedia contributors, “Software engineering,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Software_engineering&oldid=169010844 (accessed November 6, 2007)
11. Wikipedia contributors, “Tag cloud,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tag_cloud&oldid=169442893 (accessed November 6, 2007)
12. Wikipedia contributors, “Taxonomy,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taxonomy&oldid=169476964 (accessed November 6, 2007)
13. Wikipedia contributors, “Web 2.0,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_2.0&oldid=169555433 (accessed November 6, 2007)

2.0 Library

The concept of Web 2.0 was a revolution of the Internet. The question is now: can this be applied to the library environment? Yes it is, and its name is Library 2.0.

According to Paul Milller, from the company that develops software for libraries Talis, the Web 2.0 allows the building of virtual applications, and the sharing of code, content and ideas; it is participative and modular and makes communication and community easier. With those characteristics, the trespassing of this new technology to library management was, therefore, just a question of time.

According to Jorge Serrano Cobos in his article: Web 2.0 en las bibliotecas: el concepto Library 2.0, among the many advantages of the Library 2.0 we can list:

- The user can not only enjoy the service but also take part in its the management.

- It lets us share apart from checking availability or borrowing books, and enables the creation of users’ webs and the communication between users and librarians or between users and other users.

- It socialises the recovery and architecture of information in a pyramidal system, enabling the decentralisation of the contain classification.

There are unconditional supporters of this system as well as people against it. These last ones claim that it is not so new and that the rigid library management system is incompatible with the freedom that is guaranteed in other fields.

If you want to see a good example you can go to the University of Pennsylvania Library.

For further information see also:

- Web 2.0 Journal
- Web 2.0 Workgroup

Bibliography

1. Hinchcliffe, Dion, ” The Web 2.0 Revolution Spawns Offshoots”, January 8 2006, Web 2.0 Journal, , (Accessed Noverber 6, 2007)
2. Miller, Paul, “Web 2.0: Building the New Library”, October 2005, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
3. O’ Really, Tim “What Is Web 2.0″, 30/09/2005, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Serrano Cobos, Jorge, “Web 2.0 en las bibliotecas: el concepto Library 2.0″, May 16 2006, , (Accessed Noverber 6, 2007)

The Dublin Core

The Dublin Core is a model of metadata managed by the DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative). It provides a standardised set of conventions for describing things on line in a way which makes it easier to find them by users. Implementations of Dublin Core typically make use of XML. Its name refers to Dublin, Ohio, U.S.There, an invitational workshop took place in 1995 by a library consortium. The result of it was the birth of this new system.

The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) consists of 15 metadata elements, which are optional, can be repeated or appear in any order:

1. Title
2. Creator
3. Subject
4. Description
5. Publisher
6. Contributor
7. Date
8. Type
9. Format
10. Identifier
11. Source
12. Language
13. Relation
14. Coverage
15. Rights

It is mainly used in education, libraries, scientific reseach, official government web sites and many corporations.Its simplicity, flexibility and operativity make it a very useful and practical tool.

Bibliography

1. Hanser, Preben, “User Guidelines for Dublin Core Creation”, November 22, 1999, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
2. Weibel, Stuart – Miller, Eric, “An Introduction to Dublin Core”, October 25, 2000, O’Reilly Xml. com, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
3. Wikipedia contributors, “Dublin Core,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&oldid=166133691 (Accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Wikipedia contributors, “XML,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=168789234 (Accessed November 6, 2007)

Las Siete Partidas

Durante el reinado del erudito rey Alfonso X, existía un caos jurídico que impedía tratar a los habitantes del reino con uniformidad. El rey ordenó entonces llevar a cabo una compilación que se redactó entre 1256 y 1265 y que contenía un total de siete libros que trataban de Derecho penal, civil, mercantil, constitucional y procesal civil y penal. Fueron denominados Las Siete Partidas.

Cada Partida estaba dividida en títulos y estos en leyes. Como curiosidad, la primera letra de cada una de las Partidas formaban el acróstico A-L-F-O-N-S-O. Tras su aplicación progresiva se convirtió en la obra más importante del Derecho español y en la base de otras muchas compilaciones de leyes posteriores hasta la Novísima Recopilación (1806). Todavía hoy, muchas de las leyes que conforman nuestro Ordenamiento Jurídico, en especial, en materia civil tienen su origen es esta norma jurídica.

Las primeras ediciones fueron manuscritas aunque, tras la aparición de la imprenta en el siglo XV, se conocen tres ediciones principales de esta obra:

• Edición de 1491: Realizada en Sevilla con glosa de Antonio Díaz de Montalvo.Fue reimprimida hasta 1528
• Edición de 1555: Publicada en Salamanca con glosa de Gregorio López. Fue la edición con más aplcada con amplia vigencia en Latinoamérica. Se reimprimio hasta 1855
• Edición de 1807: Realizada por la Real Academia de Historia

La Universidad de Deusto, que gestiona el patrimonio de libro antiguo más importante del País Vasco, dispone de un ejemplar incunable de 1544.

Doris Lessing: An Uncomfortable Nobel Prize

British literature has been blessed again with the Nobel Prize. This time, as it happened two years ago with Harold Pinter, this has been a polemical decision. Her victory over other shortlisted authors such as Vargas Llosa or Philip Roth was not welcome by everybody. Critics like Harold Bloom considered it as “politically correct”.
This feminist writer was born in Persia (Iran) from British parents and moved to Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) at a short age. She was sent to a strict religious school and was unable to finish so she became a self-made intellectual. She moved to Salisbury where she married Frank Wisdom at the age of nineteen and later to London. She published her first novel “The Grass Is Singing” in 1949.
She has published many novels, short stories, poems and plays. She became a feminism icon, as she was one of the first writers who described female’s inner psychology and wrote about topics which were considered taboo in those years. At 88, the oldest person who has ever been awarded the literature Nobel Prize, she continues her intellectual activity. She has also won other important awards as the Principe de Asturias or the Somerset Maugham Award of the Society of Authors. Her most recent novel, “The Cleft”, is from 2007.
Woman (the eleventh one who received the prize against 104 men), inconformist, polemical and feminist, Doris Lessing can be, as her co-peace-award-winner Al Gore would say an “uncomfortable Nobel” which more than one will regret.