Creative Commons

 

Creative Commons is a not lucrative organisation created with the purpose of expanding the creative work available for others legally to share. To do it they give lisences that permit their holders grant part of their copyright and, at the same time,  retain some rights. It includes metadata, portals, archives, blogs, and many other works. One of the projects involved in it is the omnipresent Wikipedia.

It was launched in 2001 and it’s headquarter is located in San Francisco. Although at the beginning there was no serious criticism about their work, it has been later been accused of not fulfilling all its objectives.  It has been said that it is an unconcerned corporate filter, that it simply takes away user’s rights and that it undermines copyright.

It is anyway a very practical and simple tool for the user. Just go and check it!

Note: This summary was taken from the wikipedia article but if you want to learn more about it you can go to the biblipgraphy.

Bibliography

Berry, David, “Is the Creative Commons missing something?”, Free Sofware Magazine, http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/commons_without_commonality/(accessed January 8, 200

Conhaim, Wallys W., “Creative Commons Nurtures the Public Domain”, Computers in Libraries”, http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=17167, (accessed  January 8, 200

Lessig, Laurence, “Creative Commons and the Remix Culture”, Talking with Talis, http://talk.talis.com/archives/2006/01/lawrence_lessig.html (accessed  January 8, 200

Wikipedia contributors, “Creative Commons,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons&oldid=182909754 (accessed January 8, 200

Folksonomy, Taxonomy and Ontologies

Folksonomy - also known as collaborative tagging- is a method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. The difference of this system is that it is not only created and managed by experts but also by users in general. Some keywords, freely chosen, allow the access normally through tag clouds,which are visualised on screen. It began to be popular in the Internet around 2004, in parallel to the Web 2.0. Among the most important examples we can quote Flyrk and del.icio.us.

Also linked to folksonomy, we find terms such as taxonomy, or practice and science of classification. The fields are organised in hierarchical structure and it is perfect for relationships such as network structures and folksonomies.

Ontology is a data model that presents a set of concepts included in a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It is used in the semantic web, software engineering, biomedical informatics, information architecture and even artificial intelligence.

Bibliography

1. Ruíz, Victor R., “Más sobre tags y `folksonomy´”, February 20 2005, Linotipo, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
2. Wikipedia contributors, “Artificial intelligence,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial_intelligence&oldid=169315477 (accessed November 6, 2007)
3. Wikipedia contributors, “Biomedical informatics,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biomedical_informatics&oldid=169547893 (accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Wikipedia contributors, “Data model,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data_model&oldid=159562978 (accessed November 6, 2007)
5. Wikipedia contributors, “Domain of discourse,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domain_of_discourse&oldid=146124989 (accessed November 6, 2007)
6. Wikipedia contributors, “Folksonomy,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folksonomy&oldid=168300333 (accessed November 6, 2007)
7. Wikipedia contributors, “Information architecture,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_architecture&oldid=169329350 (accessed November 6, 2007)
8. Wikipedia contributors, “Ontology (computer science),” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ontology_%28computer_science%29&oldid=167668446 (accessed November 6, 2007)
9. Wikipedia contributors, “Semantic Web,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Web&oldid=168976933 (accessed November 6, 2007)
10. Wikipedia contributors, “Software engineering,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Software_engineering&oldid=169010844 (accessed November 6, 2007)
11. Wikipedia contributors, “Tag cloud,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tag_cloud&oldid=169442893 (accessed November 6, 2007)
12. Wikipedia contributors, “Taxonomy,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taxonomy&oldid=169476964 (accessed November 6, 2007)
13. Wikipedia contributors, “Web 2.0,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_2.0&oldid=169555433 (accessed November 6, 2007)

2.0 Library

The concept of Web 2.0 was a revolution of the Internet. The question is now: can this be applied to the library environment? Yes it is, and its name is Library 2.0.

According to Paul Milller, from the company that develops software for libraries Talis, the Web 2.0 allows the building of virtual applications, and the sharing of code, content and ideas; it is participative and modular and makes communication and community easier. With those characteristics, the trespassing of this new technology to library management was, therefore, just a question of time.

According to Jorge Serrano Cobos in his article: Web 2.0 en las bibliotecas: el concepto Library 2.0, among the many advantages of the Library 2.0 we can list:

- The user can not only enjoy the service but also take part in its the management.

- It lets us share apart from checking availability or borrowing books, and enables the creation of users’ webs and the communication between users and librarians or between users and other users.

- It socialises the recovery and architecture of information in a pyramidal system, enabling the decentralisation of the contain classification.

There are unconditional supporters of this system as well as people against it. These last ones claim that it is not so new and that the rigid library management system is incompatible with the freedom that is guaranteed in other fields.

If you want to see a good example you can go to the University of Pennsylvania Library.

For further information see also:

- Web 2.0 Journal
- Web 2.0 Workgroup

Bibliography

1. Hinchcliffe, Dion, ” The Web 2.0 Revolution Spawns Offshoots”, January 8 2006, Web 2.0 Journal, , (Accessed Noverber 6, 2007)
2. Miller, Paul, “Web 2.0: Building the New Library”, October 2005, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
3. O’ Really, Tim “What Is Web 2.0″, 30/09/2005, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Serrano Cobos, Jorge, “Web 2.0 en las bibliotecas: el concepto Library 2.0″, May 16 2006, , (Accessed Noverber 6, 2007)

The Dublin Core

The Dublin Core is a model of metadata managed by the DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative). It provides a standardised set of conventions for describing things on line in a way which makes it easier to find them by users. Implementations of Dublin Core typically make use of XML. Its name refers to Dublin, Ohio, U.S.There, an invitational workshop took place in 1995 by a library consortium. The result of it was the birth of this new system.

The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) consists of 15 metadata elements, which are optional, can be repeated or appear in any order:

1. Title
2. Creator
3. Subject
4. Description
5. Publisher
6. Contributor
7. Date
8. Type
9. Format
10. Identifier
11. Source
12. Language
13. Relation
14. Coverage
15. Rights

It is mainly used in education, libraries, scientific reseach, official government web sites and many corporations.Its simplicity, flexibility and operativity make it a very useful and practical tool.

Bibliography

1. Hanser, Preben, “User Guidelines for Dublin Core Creation”, November 22, 1999, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
2. Weibel, Stuart - Miller, Eric, “An Introduction to Dublin Core”, October 25, 2000, O’Reilly Xml. com, , (Accessed November 6, 2007)
3. Wikipedia contributors, “Dublin Core,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&oldid=166133691 (Accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Wikipedia contributors, “XML,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=168789234 (Accessed November 6, 2007)